![]() Nevertheless, as globalization may be both a product and a driver of technological change, they may have similar causal links with overweight through a set of factors collectively known as the “nutritional transition” ( Popkin, 2001 Popkin et al., 2012). ![]() ( Finkelstein et al., 2005 Huffman and Rizov, 2007 Lakdawalla and Philipson, 2009 Tomas Philipson, 2001 TJ Philipson and Posner, 2003b Swinburn et al., 2011), the literature that considers the potential globalization & overweight/obesity nexus from the point of view of how globalization affects energy imbalance is quite limited. While there exists a considerable literature which considers the role of technological change in affecting energy expenditure and consumption (e.g. Taken together, globalization may be contributing to obesity by stimulating increased calorie consumption, and/or smaller energy expenditure. ![]() In this paper we make use of this new measure and its various components, to arrive at a more detailed and nuanced assessment of the impact of different dimensions of globalization on overweight in low- and middle-income countries.Īll three of these components of globalization might have contributed to obesity in low- and middle-income countries, and because they capture different dimensions and – as will be shown further below – are at best imperfectly correlated with each other, it is important to examine the influence of each sub-dimension separately. For all dimensions, this index was created using comprehensive data collected annually, from 1970 to 2013. (2008a) have developed the so-called KOF index of globalization to capture each of these dimensions (as well as additional sub-dimensions). More recent efforts at measuring globalization were built on the conceptualisation by Keohane and Nye (2000) of three different relevant dimensions of globalization: (1) economic: long distance flows of goods, capital and services as well as information and perceptions that accompany market exchanges, (2) political: the diffusion of government policies internationally, and (3) social: the spread of ideas, information, images, and people ( Dreher, 2006). ![]() Yet, globalization is not solely an economic process, and even if it were, there is more to economic globalization than the mere flow of goods and capital. total imports and exports or foreign direct investment, expressed as a share in GDP. Indeed, the measures of globalization commonly employed have been exclusively economic, commonly proxied by e.g. Economists were among the first to try to quantify the different components of globalization in their attempt to assess its impact on economic growth ( Dollar and Kraay, 2004 Dreher, 2006). Arguably, the scarcity of quantitative data amenable to statistical analysis relates to the difficulty in quantifying the complex, multi-faceted nature of globalization. foreign direct investment or trade) on obesity world-wide. (2013) who explored the influence of economic globalization (e.g. A notable exception is a recent study by De Vogli et al. The existing evidence for this claim does, however, rest primarily on case studies and simple ecological comparisons of national conditions. Globalization has often been blamed for the rapid rise in obesity in much of the developing world ( Hawkes, 2006 Popkin, 2006 Zimmet, 2000).
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